pléiades satellite agility

Individual user requests was answered in record time, thanks to multiple programming plans per day and a state-of-the-art image processing chain. design solutions for Pleiades are presented for the satellite (mechanical and thermal overall concept), the instrument, and then the bus. 31): - to ensure a good reactivity of the system in order to satisfy the urgent needs, - to minimize scheduling conflicts within the dual use framework, - to acquire image in any direction following, for example, coastlines or river routes as so to optimize programming for instance in a crisis case (flooding, tsunami, etc. Pleiades Satellite Image Data. The solar array size is minimized by using high-efficiency triple-junction cells. Each user center is able to manage the user image acquisition requests and product generations, they include: 60) 61) 62) 63) 64), - An X-band antenna for data acquisition, 3-channel signal demodulation and ingestion system, - An image processing unit to inventorize, catalog, and archive the data, and to produce imaging products, - A programming unit to manage the mission planning requests. This Pleiades-1A image was captured on September 17, 2013 (image credit: CNES Distribution Astrium/SPOT Image), • March 2013: Pleiades-1B has completed its technical commissioning and is now commercially available. - The very high resolution Pleiades satellite, captured the refloating on 17 September of the Costa Concordia (Figure 17), wrecked off the Island of Giglio, Italy. - to acquire in the same pass stereoscopic pairs or tri-stereoscopic triplets even with low base over height ratio, a very important improvement in order to avoid hidden objects in an urban area (occlusions), see Figures 13 and 14 acquired in 2013. ), the modularity, the compatibility - for a large number of missions. .. ), • Projects still in demonstration but very mature (e.g. - A set of access units permitting the users to browse the image catalog, submit requests and to receive the ordered products. Note: The name Pleiades refers to an open cluster of stars (about 35 light years in diameter) in the zodiacal constellation Taurus, about 400 light years from our solar system. Figure 31: Functional block diagram of the HiRI instrument (image credit: TAS). The transfer of charge along the CCD is made synchronous with the velocity of the scan image. Hence, the mass of the new generation Pleiades spacecraft is only 1/3 that of its predecessor SPOT-5 with a mass of 3000 kg. Starting with the first launch in 2009, the Pleiades program will follow the SPOT program satellite series services, with the following overall objectives: • Provision of an optical high-resolution panchromatic (0.7 m) and multispectral (2.8 m) imagery with high quality product standards in terms of resolution, MTF (0.2 at system level), and a high image location accuracy, • Global coverage and a daily observation accessibility to any point on Earth, • Service provision of so-called “level-2 products” to customers consisting of a panchromatic image with a merged multispectral image orthorectified on a DTM (Digital Terrain Matrix), • Provision of stereo imagery (up to 350 km x 20 km or 150 km x 40 km) and mosaic imagery of size up to 120 km x 120 km, • More than 250 images/day are expected from each spacecraft of the constellation, • The constellation is required to support risk management support services in terms of observation coverage (this requires an agile S/C design, a responsive operational concept, and a sufficient ground segment). Extensive use of existing state-of-the-art technologies is made regarding such items as: a) camera alignment procedures, b) telescope thermal control and mechanical assembly principles, c) video processing techniques. This will also include the imagery of the SPOT-6/7 constellation. The Pleiades spacecraft is not only capable to be controlled at a specific 3D attitude, but also with a tunable rotation rate. Performance at a glance: When satellite operations begin, four ground receiving stations will be deployed for the direct downlink and archiving of imagery data: Regional receiving stations (fixed or mobile) are subsequently installed at the request of users. New ASAP-S dispenser structure developed for Soyuz: Arianespace enhanced the Soyuz mission flexibility with its development of a structure to accommodate small secondary payloads. Pleiades-IA is the first satellite of the Pleiades constellation. Like other 0.5m resolution sensors, these satellites collect both panchromatic and RGB & NIR multispectral data. - Comments and corrections to this article are always welcome for further updates. 43). It contains a large amount of bright nebulous material and several hundred stars, of which six or seven can be seen by the unaided eye and have figured prominently in the myths and literature of many cultures. Introduction 1.1. The Pleiades satellite system … When SPOT-7 is launched in 2014, there will be 2 x 2 satellites, a true constellation with all spacecraft in the same orbital plane, coherently operated (90° one from the other on the same orbit) through a single interface. The main design drivers for the satellite architecture are the image quality, the agility and the image location accuracy. A high agility requires a very compact design, with a few stiff appendages. As Pleiades is a dual-service system - there are also two operators sharing the system according to predetermined quotas. including TPM (Third Party Missions) and of course the data user community. The bus structure is of hexagonal shape, with three solar arrays positioned at 120º at the top of the platform (fixed mounting of solar arrays), and three star trackers in a quasi tetrahedron configuration, optimizing the attitude determination accuracy. The spacecraft features both a high imaging resolution (0.7 meter panchromatic and 2.8 meters multispectral associated to a 20 km swath at nadir) and high agility. Each filter is composed of a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter. A lot of experience has been gathered by CNES in the Earth observing systems domain and many calibration procedures rely on this basic principle: if one gets an image of a well-known reference pattern, then one is able to identify the unknown parameters of the model, which links the input scene to the output image. Fiwre la: Pleiades panchromatic image of Melbourne, Australia n December 16, 201 1, the Plei- ades-l A was launched successfully in orbit via a Russian Soyuz ST rocket out of French Guiana. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7). The integration time is m times longer than a single-detector integration time, where m is the number of stages in a row. Perhaps most importantly, Pleiades-1A will be capable of acquiring high-resolution stereo imagery in just one pass, accommodating large areas (up to 1,000 km x 1,000 km). • Astrium Geo- Information Services also manages a network of regional image receiving stations (RIRS). Thus, the Airbus accomplishes the world’s largest satellite constellation, with radar and optical sensors. Aftermath of tornado in Moore, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Meteorite hole in the frozen surface of Lake Chebarkul, Russia, Disaster Impact Map - Port-au-Prince, Haiti, after Hurricane Sandy, Wildfires in Catalonia observed by Pleiades, Observation of the Earth and its Environment. Watch video Pleiades-1B satellite launch. HMA (Heterogeneous Mission Access) implementation: CNES is in the process to implement the HMA data services, a European initiative by the GSCB (Ground Segment Coordination Body), to the following projects of CNES: 65), • Ordering Service: Pleiades, SPOT (in planning), • Programming Service: Pleiades prototype based, SPOT (in planning), • Online Data Access Service (future): SPOT & Pleiades. STR measures the direction of 12 stars to estimate a 3 axis attitude at a frequency of 8Hz. 43). The AMETHIST calibration method gives the same magnitude of residuals as the direct method that compute normalization parameters on uniform snowy expanses, with far less operational constraints. It may take a long time to get the required scenes with no cloud, whilst atmospheric corrections need simultaneous measurements that are not always possible. Regional image receiving stations have been installed (Japan, China and Canada). In radiometric image quality, in-flight normalization and signal-to-noise ratio are classically performed thanks to uniform expanses of snow-covered scenes, absolute calibration is computed on reference photometric sites with a simultaneous atmosphere characterization, the MTF is measured on knife-edge ground patterns. Some contributors cannot be modelled and must be minimized by design, like sensor noises. Figure 40: Variance of the radiometric noise computed on steady-mode image (image credit: CNES). 72), The commissioning phase of Pleiades-1A and Pleiades-1B represented the opportunity: 73), • To acquire a unique dataset of Moon images with a very high spatial resolution (~300 m), • More than 800 images of the Moon were acquired in only 6 months (guaranty of the stability of the instrument over this time slot). Figure 34: Overview of the major ground segment partners of the Pleiades program (image credit: CNES), Figure 35: Alternate view of the Pleiades ground system architecture (image credit: CNES). 3) CNES hosts the dual control center (civil and military). Several key issues such as response to crisis, urban planning, human pressure on coastlines, watershed cartography, forest management are thoroughly studied. Therefore, a preprocessing is applied on a large number of stars to interlace each elementary response to produce a well sampled one. Figure 1.1: Pléiades 1A/1B and Spot 6/7 constellation 1 Figure 1.2: Artist’s impression of the Pléiades satellite 1 Main characteristics of the Pléiades satellites constellation 2 Table 1.2: Key attributes of the 2 Figure 1.3: Pléiades 1A and 1B combined Figure 2.1: Geostore homepage to access Pléiades imagery 14 15), Figure 5: Optical head configuration of the FOG inertial measurement unit (image credit: CNES), Actuator system: A newly developed CMG (Control Moment Gyro) technology is being introduced to perform the very demanding requirements of rapid slewing spacecraft maneuvers (i.e. The Pléiades programme was launched in October 2003 with CNES (the French space agency) as the overall system prime contractor and EADS Astrium as the prime contractor for the space segment. Image data are time-tagged in this unit. The COME output data rate is nominally 465 Mbit/s on three channels at 155 Mbit/s each. ). The GEO-Information Services division will offer: • A one-stop shop for data from the SPOT-4 and -5 missions, from the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X satellites, from FormoSat-2, and from the Pleiades constellation. This weird viewing principle (Figure 37) allows all the detectors to view the same landscape. 31), • Sept. 19, 2013: The 50,000 ton Italian cruise ship, Costa Concordia, which ran aground on January 13, 2012 due to error made by its Captain was righted after massive salvage efforts by a team of engineers and mariners. 29). Three days after the launch, the Pleiades satellite MTF was computed thanks to images of stars in the Pleiades constellation, as a sign of destiny. The instrument architecture chosen is organized around a central plane structure supporting the primary mirror, the tertiary mirror, the plane mirror (MR), and a central cylinder that supports the secondary mirror. Posted by North Africa Post North Africa Post's news desk is composed of journalists and editors, who are constantly working to provide new and accurate stories to NAP readers. CNES has granted an exclusive license to the Civilian Operator allowing him to process, distribute and commercialize the data and products on the worldwide market. In this mode, the agility capabilities of the satellite are used to acquire the maximum of scenes on a given surface, in one day. The objective is to provide high-resolution multispectral imagery with high geo-location accuracy. 42). - Ensure that technology drivers for the European Guaranteed Access to Space are lead by European requirements. One MVP is able to process up to 10 CCD outputs, at a maximum pixel rate of 10 Mpixel/s. Astrium Geo-Information Services takes over the spacecraft operations of the civil channel with an exclusive license once each Pleiades satellite has been commissioned. Both the space and the ground segment have been designed to provide information in record time, offering daily revisit capacity to any point on the globe and outstanding acquisition capabilities to meet the full spectrum of civil and military requirements. These activities cover many topics gathered in two families : radiometric and geometric image quality. The latest Pleiades satellite also offers 50 cm resolution with an impressive 20 km swath. Highly integrated ASIC technology, Compact detection function integrated in the camera, Carbon / carbon structure and light-weighted Zerodur optics, Low mass/high thermal stability, highly polished mirror surfaces, Table 5: Introduction of technologies into camera design, Figure 25: Optical configuration of HiRI (image credit: TAS), Optical assembly: The instrument employs a Korsch all-reflective 4 mirrors telescope design with TMA (Three Mirror Anastigmatic) optics. The imaging geometry optimization features a primary mirror size of 650 mm diameter, which suits well to the detectors performance and the orbit characteristics. The camera design employs a pushbroom imaging concept. For example, the geometric model is built step by step by combining the different reference frames of the attitude control loop – including sensors and actuators - and the instrument line of sight model. With a roll ”pointing” capability of 30º with respect to the track, world access can be achieved in 5 days with one satellite, and in 4 days with the system's 2 satellites. The earlier memorandum of understanding was followed by a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA), for the ORFEO system definition step, between the French space agency (CNES) and the Italian space agency (ASI). Figure 12: Artist's conception of the Pleiades spacecraft in orbit (image credit: CNES). 31) Alain Gleyzes, Lionel Perret, “Pleiades High resolution optical Earth Observation system status and future missions preparation in the frame of CXCI (Technology demonstration of very high resolution imaging) CNES program,” Proceedings of the 64th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2013), Beijing, China, Sept. 23-27, 2013, paper: IAC-13-B1.2.2, 32) M. Benoit Boissin, Alain Gleyzes, Claire Tinel, “The Pleiades system and data distribution,” Proceedings of IGARSS (IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium), Melbourne, Australia, July 21-26, 2013, 33) Amit Kumar, “Pleiades Captures Massive Salvage Operation of Costa Concordia,” Sep. 19, 2013, URL: http://www.satpalda.com/pleiades-captures-massive-salvage-operation-of-costa-concordia/, 34) “The Costa Concordia salvage operation by satellite,” Sept. 18, 2013, URL: http://www.enjoyspace.com/en/news/the-costa-concordia-salvage-operation-by-satellite, 35) “Pleiades Constellation Complete,” Astrium, March 2013, URL: http://www.astrium-geo.com/na/4693-pleiades-constellation, 36) “Astrium: operational and commercial launch of the fully complete Pléiades constellation,” Astrium, March 19, 2013, URL: http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/operational-and-commercial-launch-of-the-fully-complete-pleiades-constellation.html, 37) Drew Hopwood, “Pleiades-1A and -1B, SPOT-6 & -7 — Status of Astrium GEO-Information Services’ EO Satellite Constellation,” 12th Annual JACIE (Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation) Workshop, St. Louis, MO, USA, April 16-18, 2013, URL: https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Astrium-Constellation-Status.pdf, 38) http://www.astrium-geo.com/na/1192-image-gallery?search=gallery&sensor=1660, 39) “Successful launch of Pleiades-1B,” CNES, Dec. 02,2012, URL: http://smsc.cnes.fr/PLEIADES/GP_actualite.htm, 40) http://misconceive/PLEIADES/GP_actuality's, 41) Jean-Michel Achiever, “Pleiades: operational programming first results,” Proceedings of SpaceOps 2012, The 12th International Conference on Space Operations, Stockholm, Sweden, June 11-15, 2012, URL: http://www.spaceops2012.org/proceedings/documents/id1275526-Paper-001.pdf, 42) Laurent Lebègue, Daniel Greslou, Françoise deLussy, Sébastien Fourest, Gwendoline Blanchet, Christophe Latry, Sophie Lachérade, Jean-Marc Delvit, Philippe Kubik, Cécile Déchoz, Virginie Amberg, Florence Porez-Nadal, “Pleiades-HR Image Quality Commissioning,” Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of ISPRS (International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing), Melbourne, Australia, Aug. 25 - Sept. 1, 2012, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B1, 2012, URL: http://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XXXIX-B1/561/2012/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B1-561-2012.pdf, 43) Information provided by Benoit Boissin of CNES, Toulouse, France, 44) Peter B. de Selding, “With Pleiades in Orbit, Astrium Sets Sights on DigitalGlobe, GeoEye,” Space News, Dec. 19, 2011, URL: http://www.spacenews.com/earth_observation/111219-astrium-sights-digitalglobe-geoeye.html, 45) Drew Hopwood, “Post Launch Commissioning and Testing of Pléiades 1,” Astrium GEO-Information Services, April 2012, URL: http://calval.cr.usgs.gov/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Hopwood_JACIE_2012-Pleiades.pdf, 46) URL: http://www.pleiades2012.com/?page_id=209, 47) “First Pleiades 1A Imagery,” Astrium GEO-Information Services, Dec. 22, 2011, URL: http://www.astrium-geo.com/en/2926-first-pleiades-1a-imagery, 48) “Astrium GEO Information Services LTDP Experience and Approach,” 2nd Long Term Data Preservation Workshop, ESA/ESRIN, May 30-31, 2011, URL: http://earth.esa.int/gscb/ltdp/presentations/28.Astrium-Geo-Session3-LTDP-Workshop.pdf, 49) Catherine Gaudin-Delrieu, Jean-Luc Lamard, Philippe Cheroutre, Bruno Bailly, Pierre Dhuicq, Oliver Puig, “The High Resolution Optical Instruments for the Pleiades Earth Observation Satellites,” Proceedings of the 7th ICSO (International Conference on Space Optics) 2008, Toulouse, France, Oct. 14-17, 2008, 50) J.-L. Lamard, C. Gaudin-Delrieu, D. Valentini, C. Renard, T. Tournier, J.-M. Laherrere, “Design of the High Resolution Optical Instrument for the Pleiades HR Earth Observation Satellites,” Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Space Optics,” March 30 - Apr. Source data are stored in SSR ( Solid State power Amplifiers ) missions are operating nominally 2013. Normalization coefficients can be computed by different calibration techniques Modulation transfer function ) plays a major role interband straylight (! During in-flight operations offer a consolidated product and Services under pléiades satellite agility delegated public service agreement aerial data output! Following year is achieved by minimizing the interface between the focal plane and the bus the.! This mechanism is placed behind the primary mirror to protect only the axes perpendicular to boresight. These activities cover many topics gathered in two steps the pléiades satellite agility time, to... 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